How Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Works

In the quest for ever-improving fuel efficiency and emissions reduction, an old and very promising idea has found new life. HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) technology has been around for a long time but has recently received renewed attention and enthusiasm. While the early years saw many insurmountable (at the time) obstacles whose answers would only come as sophisticated computer controlled electronics were developed and matured into reliable technologies, progress stalled. Time has, as it always does, worked its magic and nearly every problem has been solved. HCCI is an idea whose time has come with nearly all of the parts and pieces of technology and know-how in place to make a real go of it. What is HCCI? An HCCI engine is a mix of both conventional spark-ignition and diesel compression ignition technology. The blending of these two designs offers diesel-like high efficiency without the difficult—and expensive—to deal with NOx and particulate matter emissions. In its most basic form, it simply means that fuel (gasoline or E85) is homogeneously (thoroughly and completely) mixed with air in the combustion chamber (very similar to a regular spark-ignited gasoline engine), but with a very high proportion of air to fuel (lean mixture). As the engines piston reaches its highest point (top dead center) on the compression stroke, the air/fuel mixture auto-ignites (spontaneously and completely combusts with no spark plug assist) from compression heat, much like a diesel engine. The result is the best of both worlds: low fuel usage and low emissions. How Does HCCI Work? In an HCCI engine (which is based on the four-stroke Otto cycle), fuel delivery control is of paramount importance in controlling the combustion process. On the intake stroke, fuel is injected into each cylinders combustion chamber via fuel injectors mounted directly in the cylinder head. This is achieved independently from air induction which takes place through the intake plenum. By the end of the intake stroke, fuel and air have been fully introduced and mixed in the cylinders combustion chamber. As the piston begins to move back up during the compression stroke, heat begins to build in the combustion chamber. When the piston reaches the end of this stroke, sufficient heat has accumulated to cause the fuel/air mixture to spontaneously combust (no spark is necessary) and force the piston down for the power stroke. Unlike conventional spark engines (and even diesels), the combustion process is a lean, low temperature and flameless release of energy across the entire combustion chamber. The entire fuel mixture is burned simultaneously producing equivalent power, but using much less fuel and releasing far fewer emissions in the process. At the end of the power stroke, the piston reverses direction again and initiates the exhaust stroke, but before all of the exhaust gases can be evacuated, the exhaust valves close early, trapping some of the latent combustion heat. This heat is preserved, and a small quantity of fuel is injected into the combustion chamber for a pre-charge (to help control combustion temperatures and emissions) before the next intake stroke begins. Challenges for HCCI An ongoing developmental problem with HCCI engines is controlling the combustion process. In traditional spark engines, combustion timing is easily adjusted by the engine management control module changing the spark event and perhaps fuel delivery. Its not nearly so easy with HCCIs flameless combustion. Combustion chamber temperature and mixture composition must be tightly controlled within quickly changing and very narrow thresholds that include parameters such as cylinder pressure, engine load and RPMs and throttle position, ambient air temperature extremes and atmospheric pressure changes. Most of these conditions are compensated for with sensors and automatic adjustments to otherwise normally fixed actions. Included are individual cylinder pressure sensors, variable hydraulic valve lift and electromechanical phasers for camshaft timing. The trick isnt so much as getting these systems to work as it is getting them to work together, very quickly, and over many thousands of miles an d years of wear and tear. Perhaps just as challenging though will be the problem of keeping these advanced control systems affordable. Advantages of HCCI Lean combustion returns 15 percent increase in fuel efficiency over a conventional spark ignition engine.Cleaner combustion and lower emissions (especially NOx) than a conventional spark ignition engine.Compatible with gasoline as well as E85 (ethanol) fuel.Fuel is burned quicker and at lower temperatures, reducing heat energy loss compared to a conventional spark engine.Throttleless induction system eliminates frictional pumping losses incurred in traditional (throttle body) spark engines. Disadvantages of HCCI High cylinder pressures require stronger (and more expensive) engine construction.More limited power range than a conventional spark engine.The many phases of combustion characteristics are difficult (and more expensive) to control. It is clear that HCCI technology offers superior fuel efficiency and emissions control compared to the conventional tried-and-true spark ignition gasoline engine. Whats not-so-certain yet is the ability of these engines to deliver these characteristics inexpensively, and, probably more importantly, reliably over the life of the vehicle. Continued advancements in electronic controls have brought HCCI to the precipice of workable reality, and further refinements will be necessary to push it over the edge into everyday production vehicles.

Analysis Of Medea - 845 Words

The first person point of view can be found in the beginning of the work, for example, when Medea says â€Å"I hate this life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Puchner, pg. 532, line 150). By Euripides using the second person point of view, it allows the readers to connect to the characters on a more personal basis for example, Medea says â€Å"†¦ you’ve made threats†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Puchner, pg. 536, line 294). An example of the third person point of view is Medea telling Jason that â€Å"he’s such an idiot† (Puchner, pg. 537, line 379). By there being multiple narrators, it allows each character to serve as an individual narrator telling their views to the readers. The work also has monologues and soliloquies like when the nurse informs the readers about what’s happened to Medea (Puchner,†¦show more content†¦The language in this piece is very evident that it’s from the classical period which was known as the golden age of literature. This period was k nown for art, philosophy, architecture, literature and monuments. Socrates was the main philosopher known in that time due to his teachings to his student Plato that consist of dialogues. In the work, whether Euripides was trying to show women that they did have a voice and go against Ancient Greek culture or not, his piece showed women that they control their own body, and actions. The work doesn’t mention Medea and Jason’s children but maybe a couple times, but the children represented what was once a loving relationship between Medea and Jason. That is why Medea took revenge on Jason by killing them to satisfy herself for what he had done to her. Medea’s character plays a strong feminine role that shows a women standing up for herself and making her own choices even though some of them may have been wrong. At first she is portrayed as a sad lady who just got her heart broken because her husband left. Then she becomes a strong lady who takes charge of the situ ation and fights back for what she believed would heal her broken heart. Jason’s character can be considered evil, because even though he showed weakness, he was the one who abandoned his wife to marry a princess, so he basically started the whole situation even though Medea took her revenge too far. All in all, even though Medea killed her own children it was aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Medea813 Words   |  4 Pagesfear. The Greek play, Medea, illustrates this idea of the plight of the foreigner, through the native Greek characters’ treatment of Medea, who is an outsider. Medea faces scorn and opposition, and yet she is both thought to be unintelligent, and horrifying at the same time. Medea’s interaction with the Greek characters reveals their own belief of their superiority as well as their unwavering faith in the barbarian manner of the outsiders. In Act I, Creon comes to inform Medea of her exile. At firstRead MoreMedea Plot Analysis1392 Words   |  6 PagesMedea is an ancient Greek tragedy play written by Euripides. The play bases itself on the ancient myth of Jason and Medea. The plays plot centers itself on the actions of Medea who was the Barbarians former prince who seeks revenge against Jason who betrayed her with another woman. Considered as one the best work produced by Euripides, the play has earned the writer several awards including the Dionysian festival awards in 431BCE (Williamson 1) Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discussRead MoreAnalysis Of Medea By Euripides1360 Words   |  6 Pages Medea, A play written by Euripides. The play is set in Corinth, a Greek city. The play consists of much conflict. Jason, Medea’s husband who has abandoned her and her two sons, in hopes of achieving a higher social status and advancing his station. His idea was to marry Glauce, which happened to be the dau ghter of Creon. Creon, was the king of Corinth, the city where they were residing. In short words, Jason chose to advance his ambitions rather than stay loyal to his family. His actions destroyRead MoreAnalysis Of Macbeth And Medea Essay1331 Words   |  6 Pagesinto ancient Greek drama through characters like Medea, whose motives are confused, complex, and ultimately driven by passion† (Galens and Spampinato para. 1). This one-sided battle of wills is portrayed throughout the literary tragedies of history, and it is essential to the structure of both Shakespearean and Greek tragedy: namely, those of Macbeth and Medea. In the nature of literary tragedy, tragic flaw and downfall go hand in hand. Macbeth and Medea, although their circumstances differ in time andRead MoreMedea Literary Analysis1211 Words   |  5 Pagesprovider, and protector. When looking at Euripides Medea through a paternal literary lens, Jason’s character creates an enigma. In the story Medea, Jason has just remarried the Princess of Corinth, the daughter of King Kreon. Medea, naturally, is furious that she has been left for a new woman. However, Jason’s motives behind marrying the Corinthian Princess were so that he would be able to provide for his children. Jason tries to reason with Medea, telling her he didn’t marry the Princess of CorinthRead MoreAnalysis Of Medea And The Bacchae 1325 Words   |  6 PagesIn Euripides’ plays, Medea and The Bacchae, binary oppositions are present, such as the opposition between man and god, foreigner and citizen, and men and women. Binary oppositions are opposing terms that are put head to head in a piece of literature to show contrasting ideas (Marvin, 1). Binary oppositions can also be â€Å"good vs. bad,† such as in the case of man and god. The first binary opposition that is present in both plays is man and god. Marvin describes binary oppositions as being againstRead MoreAn Analysis Of Medea And Antigone Essay1419 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough even without being told. In Euripides Medea, the main character is a serial villain who commits a lot of atrocious acts to exert revenge on her ex-husband due to his humiliation and oppression of her. The villain in a play is described as â€Å"The chief evil character in a drama or story. Usually, the villain is the antagonist to the hero but sometimes is the protagonist or chief character† (Quinn, 2016). Medea, the main character of the drama Medea, is not your typical protagonist or hero. SheRead MoreMedea Character Analysis917 Words   |  4 PagesHow would you judge Jason for his betrayal of Medea, and Medea for the killing of their children? Explain why. My judgement for this particular issue is not primarily based on the actions of Medea killing her children, since that in my opinion is an unforgivable act, yet there is a sense of pity evoked within the complexity Medea’s character. Essentially, Medea had given up everything she had for Jason. Manipulated by Aphrodite and Hera in both the heart and mind to believe her feelings to be trueRead MoreAn Analysis Of Euripides Medea 1824 Words   |  8 Pages The Character of Medea in Euripides Euripides presents one of the most shocking female characters in literature, through Medea, a devotee of the goddess Hecate, and one of the great sorceresses of the ancient world. She was the daughter of King Aeetes of Colchis, and the granddaughter of Helios, the sun god. King Aeetes most valuable possession was a golden ram s fleece. When Jason, the man Medea falls in love with, arrives at Colchis seeking the GoldenRead MoreAnalysis Of Medea And Homer s The Odyssey 1409 Words   |  6 PagesEuripides’ Medea translated by Rex Warner and Homer’s The Odyssey translated by Richmond Lattimore. The main characters of these novels, Medea and Odysseus respectively, show character traits and skills that set them as heroes. A hero is a great character who is destined to suffer and is distinguished from his/her courage, skill and strength. While Odysseus generally conforms to the stereotypical gender roles within his culture, Medea does not; and despite their differences, b oth Odysseus and Medea display

Grimm Fairy Tales Free Essays

string(115) " the best she can and not to let the abuse her stepmother and stepsisters put on her dragging her down \(Holler\)\." Anonymous Disneyfied Fairy Tales Everybody knows how Cinderella found her glass slipper after dancing at the ball. Snow White and Sleeping Beauty were awoken by true loves kiss and lived happily ever after. The Little Mermaid longed to live on shore to be with that one special person. We will write a custom essay sample on Grimm Fairy Tales or any similar topic only for you Order Now The thing that people don’t know is that the tales are wrong. Grimm Fairy tales are the original fairy tales dating back to early Germany. Disney took the fairy tales and put their own spin on them to be more appealing to children. The origin of the fairytales cast a large shadow over the new â€Å"Disneyfied† tales with major transformations, differences, and a syndrome that sparked from the change as well as up rises among feminists in the community. The Grimm Brothers were German professors who grew famous for publishing classic fairy tales and through their work in linguistics. Linguistics relates to how the sound in words shift over time through translations, specifically relating to how translations of tales were changed because of the switching between languages (Grimm Fairy Tales). Before being professors and taking an interest in linguistics, it was a tragedy that originally brought them to discovering the fairytales. Without the tragedy, who knows if the fairy tales would be around today? The Grimm Brothers grew interested in the fairy tales after their father died unexpectedly and the family grew very poor (Brothers Grimm). The Brothers later met a wise man that brought them to a library filled with old books containing a couple tales (Brothers Grimm). The flame continued as they read the tales and grew more of an interest. They started to listen to people’s favorite stories in order to hear vocal patterns and while doing this; it helped them to record the tales that would be later published (Grimm’s Fairy Tales). By understanding the linguistics behind story telling they were able to understand how the pieces of the tale fit together as best as possible. The Grimm Brothers were determined to preserve the true Germanic folktales as they were, however, once popularity spread amongst them, pieces in the story started changing (Brothers Grimm). Originally, the fairy tales were meant to be told at campfires and in taverns as entertainment to adults, not primarily to children like it is nowadays (Layt). Over the years, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm began a collection of the fairytales in the 1800’s that were like the previous European generations- gruesome and cruel (Brothers Grimm). By spending time in the library for a while, the brothers interest flourished and they officially gathered all the fairy tales in one big book that they named their own (Brothers Grimm). They began their own collection of books with stories and folktales, telling them mostly to women (Brothers Grimm). Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm kept a record of the tales and published them officially in 1812 called â€Å"Children’s and Household Tales†, with a follow up edition in 1814 (Hunt). Over the various new editions to the collections, the Brothers due to word pronunciation, altered the books as well as changing possible implications of sex, pregnancy and parents changed minor details (The Brothers Grimm). In the Grimm brothers first book, it contained 86 folktales and was popular and very successful (â€Å"Grimm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). In the next volume, â€Å"Grimm’s Fairy Tales†, 70 more stories were added (â€Å"Grimm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). After 6 editions, the book contained over 200 stories (â€Å"Grimm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). The Brothers hard work and dedication throughout the course of making the books led to it being one of the most well known works of German literature in history (â€Å"Grimm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). The time period in which the books were written reflects Germany’s state of being in many small Germanic communities. Fairy Tales takes places in Kingdoms, much like the small communities seen in Germany at the time (The Brothers Grimm). This also is an indication of alterations between tales due to the fact there was no unification and as the tale went through the grapevine, making it was easy for things to get changed or mixed up. The fairy tales show life lessons about strangers, trust, and watching what you wish for and carry’s on to be the foundation for popular fairy tales today (The Brothers Grimm). Throughout the stories, abusive parents, distressed damsels, and chivalry are the building blocks for most classic Disney movies (The Brothers Grimm). It wasn’t until the 19th and 20th centuries that original fairy tales became more focused towards children rather than adults (origin). As the focus shifted and things got changed from history, Disney producers feared that by only showing interpretations of Grimm Fairy Tales, it can cause people to lose sight of what the actual fairy tales were (Brothers Grimm). Although things were altered over time, nothing can take away from the stories core, spreading them around the world in more than 160 languages (Brothers Grimm). As time went on, other editors changed things as well. They became softer and sweeter, spreading morality, unlike their original descendants from the Germanic folktales (Brothers Grimm). The Grimm Tales show angry, wild beasts in dark forests. Disney shows a softer side by making all animals nice and only changing the mood to horror if completely necessary for the shortest amount of time possible (Disneyfication). American producers now feel that fairy tales must end with a happy ending, ruining the message that was intended to be sent by original fairy tales (Teramis). Modern day authors take the stories and add new humor to take away from the â€Å"scariness† of the tale (Berner). New endings provide unique twists that were altered to create a different version seen in Disney fairytales (Berner). Everybody knows the story of the beautiful girl, Cinderella and how she was saved from her horrible life from a handsome prince and carried off into the sunset to live happily ever after. However, that’s the way that Disney portrays but Grimm’s fairy tales has a little bit of a different view towards it. In the original Cinderella, it is her mother’s words on her bedside before she dies that pushed Cinderella to be the best she can and not to let the abuse her stepmother and stepsisters put on her dragging her down (Holler). You read "Grimm Fairy Tales" in category "Papers" In the movie by Disney, he real mother isn’t even mentioned which leaves a hole in the story that may be confusing at first. After years of slaving away for her stepmother and stepsisters, the invitation for the Prince’s ball comes in and they all prepare to go. A slight alteration between the movie and the fairy tales was that it wasn’t just a one-day ball that happened, but a 3-day festival (Taylor). The Prince would look for Cinderella and would only dance with her, turning down any other offers given to him (Taylor). On the third night, she hurried home because her stepsisters and stepmother was coming home, not because the magic in her dress was wearing off (Taylor). Referring to the magic seen in the movie, in the fairytale itself there is actually no magic present at all or even fairy godmother. Although she exists in the movie and gives Cinderella her beautiful dress and pumpkin coach, she does not exist (Taylor). In the original tale, birds bring a gold dress with gold shoes lined with satin for her to wear (Taylor). Not only is the Godmother made up, but the portrayal of the slippers and blue dress was misleading in the movie as well (Taylor). In another version of the story, the translation between languages may have mixed up the slipper even more. The French words â€Å"verre† and â€Å"vair† sound extremely close meaning that it is uncertain if she had a fur slipper, a glass slipper, or like seen in another translation, a golden slipper (Layt). While at the ball, it shows her leaving behind her slipper by accident, however, in the Grimm version, the prince convinces her to leave her slipper behind so that he may go find her after the ball (Aschenputtel). In the movie, when the Prince goes to find Cinderella to try on the slipper, he encounters her stepsisters who try to cram their feet into the slippers to prove that it was them he was dancing with. In Grimm’s fairytales, the stepsisters try cutting off their toes and heels from orders of their stepmother so the Prince may take them home (Layt). After the sisters force their feet to fit into the slipper, the prince believed them until he noticed the blood coming from the shoe (Taylor). For a prince who seemed so in love with Cinderella, it shows Grimm’s dark side considering he couldn’t tell the difference between the women and solely relied on the fact that the shoe fit. The prince didn’t realize it was Cinderella right away like in the movie. Due to the stepmothers and stepsisters attempt to trick the prince, the birds who brought her dress to her pecked the eyes out of them for their wickedness showing the harsh Germanic tales that provided exquisite detail (Layt). After they get their eyes pecked out, they live as blind beggars for the rest of their lives with a broken bond between Cinderella and her fortunes (Differences†¦). Cinderella lives happily ever after, however, the stepmother and stepsisters don’t live fortunately like what is shown in the movie with no money, no house, and no toes. Snow White is a loved classic from Disney that shows a beautiful girl who stumbles upon a quaint little cottage in the woods and lives with dwarves until her prince comes to save her. In the original Snow White, it featured her and her sister Red Rose who encountered angry dwarves (Taylor). It is uncertain why the fairytale split it into just Snow White and the dwarves without mentioning her sister (Taylor). The classic poison apple that is seen in Disney’s Snow White was not the original plan of attack from the evil Queen. At first it was silk that the Queen disguised as an old hag brought to the house. She wrapped her up in it so tight that she couldn’t breathe and appeared dead when he dwarves returned home (Taylor). Fortunately, the dwarves saved Snow White when they returned home and cut the laces of the silk, allowing her to breathe again and restore her back to life (Taylor). Not only was there the attempted murder with the silk, but she also tried to poison Snow White with a comb that would make her senseless when contacted with her (Taylor). On the Queen’s third attempt, she finally killed Snow White with a slice of an apple that she poisoned (Taylor). The dwarves were unable to awaken her, however, a glass coffin was made so she could be displayed to show her beauty, even when she was dead (Taylor). The attempts at murder that the Queen did was a different change from the movie that only showed the one successful attempt. In the Disney classic, it was not true loves kiss that awakened her, but when the dwarves were carrying her coffin and hit a bump, it dislodged the piece of apple from her throat and allowed her to awaken again (Taylor). Out of the Queens jealousy, she tried to kill Snow White. Snow White’s birth mother died after giving birth and her father remarried and although never mentioned in any Disney movie, the Queen is her jealous stepmother much like Cinderella (Taylor). Despite that small misconception, the biggest and bloodiest change in Snow White comes from the Queen who not only wants her stepdaughter dead, but also wants her heart so she can eat it (Layt). Depending on the translation, the Queen may of asked for other internal organs such as the liver, lungs, intestines, etc. Layt). Unlike the fatal ending in Disney’s Snow White, the Queen must suffer for her wickedness by dancing around on hot iron shoes until she drops dead at Snow Whites wedding party (Layt). Unfortunately, it wasn’t a quick death off a cliff like seen in the movie. Snow White was one of the earliest and most changed tales from the Grimm’s collection; yet, it is still loved for its originality today. W ith scarce amounts of detail, the classic story of Sleeping Beauty is one of the most exaggerated tales due to lack of original content (Disneyfication). They needed enough material in the movie by Disney to cover two hours worth of film, changing and elongating the tale greatly (Disneyfication). Disney’s film features a beautiful, young girl named Aurora, Rose for short. In the Grimm’s tales, she is known as Briar-Rose because she lived in it for 100 years of sleep was engulfed in thorns and bushes making it impossible for someone to save her (Dornroschen). Unfortunately, with the new productions and marketing, the evil dragon outside the castle wrapped in the thorns (Dornroschen). However, thorns were a major and difficult barrier to get through, but there wasn’t any magical dragon that breathed fire (Dornroschen). The famous spindle is a symbolic feature of the Disney film, but in the original fairy tale, she does not prick her finger on a spindle but does get a piece of flax stuck under her finger nail that causes her to fall asleep, she is put into a deep sleep for 100 years (Layt). While sleeping, a Prince climbs through the barriers and up to her sleeping body but instead of awakening her sleeping with a kiss, he rapes her and causes her to give birth to twins while sleeping (Layt). It is not the Prince’s kiss that will cause her to awaken, but her child sucking on her finger that dislodges the piece of flax under her finger nail, allowing her to wake up early from the 100 years. She wakes up to a very confusing situation with a husband she did not know and kids she didn’t remember having (Layt). The spunky redheaded mermaid under the sea is a well- known classic from Disney. Disney portrays the tale with a mermaid who longs to be a human and sees a prince that she wants to meet pushing her to go on shore even more. She gives up her voice to an evil sea witch to be with him and ends up marrying him, living happily ever after. In the original fairy tale, it is not because her voice was taken away that she couldn’t talk, but because of excessive amounts of pain she felt every time she walked due to her weak leg muscles (Differences†¦). With a young audience from Disney, the Little Mermaid is not lucky enough to have the man she wants and is offered a knife from her sister to kill him as revenge (Differences†¦). Unfortunately, he was not in love with her and she must kill him to revert her back to her â€Å"mermaid† self again (Differences†¦). In Disney’s version, they transformed the ending dramatically. Instead of a sea witch tricking him, she is unable to kill the prince with the knife provided by her sister, so instead she plunges herself into the ocean because she cannot bare to see him with anyone else (Differences†¦). This causes her body to turn into sea foam and she basically commits suicide ending the tale(Differences†¦). Through the recreations of tales, little girls assume that they will live as those in Disney movies (Grimm vs. Disney). Some may grow out of it; however, others may develop Fairy Tale Syndrome (Grimm vs. Disney). Girls who suffer from Fairy Tale Syndrome tend to struggle with relationships, trying to make the wrong guy fit into their lives (Fairytale Syndrome). They are unable to realize you can’t fit a square peg in a round hole. Without realizing it, almost everyone suffers from Fairytale Syndrome meaning that they need that prince to come and sweep them off their feet (Dolnick). It is a subconscious occurrence that people cant help. People think they are in love when they fall under fairytale syndrome. Love is a chemical reaction and when people fall in love, their brains release certain kinds of chemicals that puts people on a â€Å"high† making it harder to be resistant in a break up (Dolnick). Love is so emphasized in modern day society that some people may not even realize that they are actually addicted to it (Dolnick). Girls pretend to be something their not causing emotional stress in fear that no one will like them for who they are and feel like they must change (Gender Roles). Girls develop the feeling of being rushed into relationships from the influence of The Little Mermaid who immediately changes her whole life to be with him (Snow White Syndrome). This causes problems in girl’s lives because they didn’t wait and followed the moves (Snow White Syndrome). It is believed that girls agonize over their appearance due to the glamorizing alterations Disney has made, setting high standards for every girl if she wants someone to come for her (Snow White Syndrome). The portrayal of princesse’s lives make young kids believe everything will come easy to them (Grimm vs. Disney). The view of what is normal to children as they read and watch fairytales act as early foundation for socialization processes of children that may cause them to believe everything comes easy (Kuykendal). Adopted or stepchildren may develop a specific syndrome called â€Å"Cinderella Syndrome† (Syndrome Diagnoses). This leads them to make outrageous stories of abuse and isolation such as what Cinderella suffered from (Syndrome Diagnoses). The portrayal of Cinderella in Disney’s film reflects that women are dependent and terrified unless they are accompanied by a Prince, causing emotional issues in girls (Cinderella Syndrome). Although women may appear okay on the surface, on the inside they are dependent on men due to the demand the Prince receives (Cinderella Syndrome). It doesn’t matter what age; it appears that most women depend on men. While suffering form fairytale syndrome, you may also fall into a Soul Mate Fantasy (Fairytale syndrome). People who have this believe you will meet one person and you will know they are the one and will fall in love right away (Fairytale Syndrome). Although Soul Mate Fantasy may sound harmless, it is often the path towards self-destruction. People tend to set standards too high and cant find anyone or they will fall too fast for someone causing them to get hurt leaving them with emotional issues (Fairytale Syndrome). Master Servant Fantasy may occur as well. This means that people think a rich, handsome man will scoop them up out of their ordinary lives and bring them up to the riches they have (Fairytale Syndrome). What girls don’t realize is that you don’t have to drag yourself down to the bottom with the hopes that maybe someone will come along and pick you up (Fairytale Syndrome). It is believed the Disneyfied fairytales can cause a lot of mental insecurities. If Grimm Fairytales remained as originals, girls would not feel this false sense of hope they are receiving from movies. Critics claim that by reading the fairytales, it creates gender stereotypes in kid’s minds showing how they are supposed to act; most of the time women being inferior to men (Kuykendal). A repetitive exposure to gender roles was concerning researchers with fear that a child may grow up with low self esteem (Kuykendal). Critics began to question a child development after they noticed the gender patterns in fairytales around the 1960’s (Kuykendal). After being stripped of its violence in the 17th century, it as greatly criticized in the 18th century and on (Sexes). A set of critics claims Disney productions are sexist (Sexes). New goals formed amongst feminist writers stating that they would try to depict a character that is empowered regardless of the gender they have (Kuykendal). Authors must now revision classic works to reinvent powerful women, male protagonists, and feminist narratives in their writing (Kuykendal). Many new feminist authors are altering and are rewriting original fairytales to fit in feminist views rather than fractured or corrupt fairytales (Kuykendal). As new times progress, feminist writers are striving to reject the weak, submissiveness of women and show them that they can be just as strong as men (Kuykendal). In Disney films, a woman always needs a man to save her. A woman is never strong enough to stop them and needs a man to step in for them (Origin). Feminist believe there are two types of women shown in Disney fairytales. The good women are always passive and victimized (Kuykendal). On the contrary, bad women must always be killed or punished. Feminists argue that the powerful figures are always evil and submissive women are rewarded with a happy ending (Kuykendal). Feminist argue that powerful, smart women in fairytales always have a false interpretation because in Disney’s productions they are always hags, witches, or deranged stepmothers (Sexes). Only powerful, immortal women in fairytale are powerful and strong, showing the separation between mortal and immortal (Kuykendal). Mortal women are beautiful yet weak and immortal figures can be beautiful and powerful (Kuykendal). All evil villains in Disney movies act as targets to get killed because they abused the power they were given and it backfired on them very badly (Kuykendal). The only exception to mortal women being powerful is if they are ugly or evil (Kuykendal). In some cases, women with power are ugly and evil showing how only good, submissive women can succeed (Kuykendal). Classic Disney movies also shape men’s views as looking at them as objects of pleasure and servants (Sexism). Women are looked at as images of sex. When men meet princesses, they automatically fall in love with them. Men have no interest in anything else except for the fact that they are beautiful (Chaos). Cinderella is saved from horrible living conditions and gets married to a prince because she is beautiful and no other reason (Disney Princesses). Snow White is believed to have been saved by her beauty and sexuality. She was attempted to be killed because of her beauty that imposed a threat to another woman (Disney Princesses). Sleeping beauty was cursed at birth because of a political position amongst her parents. She is killed by another woman out of spite and is woken by a kiss because of the attraction of her sexuality (Disney Princesses). Lastly, the Little Mermaid drastically changes her appearance so she can be more attractive to men. Her voice is taken in exchange but it is her sexuality that makes him fall in love with her making her voice useless (Disney Princesses). Stories portray women as weak, submissive, dependable, and self sacrificing while men remain as powerful figures. Women are always beautiful, however they lack power to control their lives unlike men who are handsome and unstoppable (Kuykendal). Not only are gender stereotypes imposed through women in fairytales but in men as well setting an individual set of standards for them as well (Sexism). In several studies, it was concluded that there was many patterns showing male dominance and female subservience (Kuykendal). Also, in Disney films, it shows how men are defined through primarily physical fitness and appearance (Sexism). Disney movies also show men that have the classic body type for men that is extremely fit and in shape. Only those who are handsome and in shape will get the girl (Sexism). In many films, the outcast in society is seen as opposites to the manly figures being sensitive, short, and not physically fit as the bodies of the heroes (Sexism). All women in fairytales must be moral and are expected to look beyond appearances to what’s inside. Men are allowed to be shallow, however, all women must rise above this (Chaos). In most films, the climax scenes always focus on a man fighting for power to either win a woman’s heart or for pride in themselves (Sexism). In spite of children’s concerns, feminist caution parents to be careful of what they are exposing their children to. Fairy tales can be immensely influential on children’s minds and by relaying the wrong message it can be harmful (Kuykendal). Fairytales have developed and changed over time, however the building blocks from the Grimm’s Fairy Tales will always be the classics. Disney has changed and modified things but the originals still remain. The new productions show different views and could be potentially harmful to the youth. The Grimm’s Fairy tales will always be a famous work of classic literature that contains only the real stories of fairytales. How to cite Grimm Fairy Tales, Papers

James Dickey Essay Example For Students

James Dickey Essay James Dickey launched his career as a poet surprisingly late in life. His first collection, Into the Stone and Other Poems, was published when he was thirty-seven years old. Dickeys experience in the military, academic, and advertising worlds before his emergence as a writer provided subjects and training for his art. Born on February 2, 1923 in Buckhead, Georgia, an Atlanta suburb, to lawyer Eugene Dickey and his wife Maibelle Swift Dickey, James graduated from North Fulton High School. In 1941 he entered Clemson A M College, where he played wingback on the football team. The following year he joined the Army Air Corps and as a member of the 418th Night Fighter Squadron was involved in more than one hundred bombing missions in the South Pacific. After World War II, Dickey attended Vanderbilt University, from which he received a B.A. in English magna cum laude in 1949 and an M.A. in English in 1950. While at Vanderbilt, he published four poems in the campus literary magazine, The Gadfly, and one The Shark at the Window- in the Sewanee Review. During his undergraduate years he married Maxine Syerson, with whom he had two sons Christopher, born in 1951, and Kevin, born in 1958. Dickeys first teaching position, at Rice Institute in Houston, was interrupted when he was recalled by the air force for service in Korea. Following his discharge, he returned to Rice but left there in 1954 to travel and write in Europe on a Sewanee Review fellowship. A 1956 teaching appointment in the University of Florida English department was cut short when Dickey resigned because of a dispute over his reading of his poem The Fathers Body. In April 1956, he began a successful career as copywriter and executive for advertising agencies in New York and Atlanta. During his years as an ad man, Dickey continued writing poetry, for which he received several awards, including Poetrys Union League Civic and Arts Foundation Prize in 1958 and both the Longview Foundation Award and the Vachal Lindsay Prize in 1959. During the 1960s, Dickey began to flourish as a poet-teacher. Following the publication of Into the Stone in 1960, he won a Guggenheim Fellowship, which allowed him to spend 1961-62 writing in Italy. Drowning with Others appeared in 1962; Helmets and a collection of reviews and essays, The Suspect in Poetry, in 1964; and Buckdancers Choice in 1965. For Buckdancers Choice he received the 1966 National Book Award for poetry. During this period Dickey also served as poet-in-residence at several colleges and universities. He spent time at Reed College (1963-64), San Fernando Valley State College (1964-65), and the University of Wisconsin at Madison (1966-67). From 1966 to 1968 he was Consultant in Poetry for the Library of Congress. Poems 1957-1967 was published in 1967 and Babel to Byzantium: Poets and Poetry Now in 1968. In 1969 Dickey became professor of English and writer-in-residence at the University of South Carolina, a position he held until his death. The 1970s saw Dickey experimenting with a wide variety of genres. In 1970 his novel, Deliverance, the collection The Eye-Beaters, Blood, Victory, Madness, Buckhead and Mercy, and a volume of essays, Self-Interviews, were published, followed the next year by Sorties, a journal and new essays. In 1972 he acted as scriptwriter and consultant for the movie version of Deliverance, which won several Academy Award nominations and in which he played the role of Sheriff Bullard. Jericho: The South Beheld, with text by Dickey and paintings by Hubert Shuptine, appeared in 1974. Dickey wrote the script for the television production of Jack Londons The Call of the Wild in 1975, and in 1976 he published the long poem The Zodiac. That same year his wife Maxine Dickey died, and he married Deborah Dodson, with whom he had a daughter, Bronwen, in 1981. .ucfaf8f42befb54fe1a19bbffcbaa2376 , .ucfaf8f42befb54fe1a19bbffcbaa2376 .postImageUrl , .ucfaf8f42befb54fe1a19bbffcbaa2376 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucfaf8f42befb54fe1a19bbffcbaa2376 , .ucfaf8f42befb54fe1a19bbffcbaa2376:hover , .ucfaf8f42befb54fe1a19bbffcbaa2376:visited , .ucfaf8f42befb54fe1a19bbffcbaa2376:active { border:0!important; } .ucfaf8f42befb54fe1a19bbffcbaa2376 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucfaf8f42befb54fe1a19bbffcbaa2376 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucfaf8f42befb54fe1a19bbffcbaa2376:active , .ucfaf8f42befb54fe1a19bbffcbaa2376:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucfaf8f42befb54fe1a19bbffcbaa2376 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucfaf8f42befb54fe1a19bbffcbaa2376 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucfaf8f42befb54fe1a19bbffcbaa2376 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucfaf8f42befb54fe1a19bbffcbaa2376 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucfaf8f42befb54fe1a19bbffcbaa2376:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucfaf8f42befb54fe1a19bbffcbaa2376 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucfaf8f42befb54fe1a19bbffcbaa2376 .ucfaf8f42befb54fe1a19bbffcbaa2376-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucfaf8f42befb54fe1a19bbffcbaa2376:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: William Shakespeare Essay PaperDuring 1977, he read The Strength of Fields, a poem he wrote for the ceremonies at President Jimmy Carters inauguration. That year he also published Gods Images, which included his text and Marvin Hayess engravings for Bible episodes. Tucky the Hunter, a childrens poem, appeared in 1978, and the collection The Strength of Fields in 1979. Puella, five poems of which had earlier won the Levinson Prize, was published in 1982, followed by Night Hurdling: Poems, Essays, Conversations, Commencements, and Afterwords in 1983. In 1990, USC awarded Dickey with an honorary Doctor of Literature. In 1996, he received the Harriet Monroe Prize for lifetime achievement in American Letters. Dickey died in 1997 while having complications from a lung disorder. Bibliography:BibliographyBaughman, Ronald. Understanding James Dickey, University of South Carolina Press; Columbia, South Carolina; 1985. Doxey, William. Notes on Contemporary Literature, Carollton, Georgia; May 1989The James Dickey Page. www.axs2k.net/goethe